Individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) often experience limitations in mobility and physical functioning, impacting their daily lives and potentially leading to various health issues. This research aimed to explore the effects of underwater treadmill training (UTT) on 11 individuals with iSCI. The study involved 3 UTT sessions/week for a total of 8 weeks, with the water temperature at 32°C. The walking speed in water was set at 50% of the participants’ land-based walking speed. The water level was adjusted to knee and hip height, and the walking speed was increased by 10% every two weeks.

The research revealed that UTT allowed participants to support a significant % of their body weight, ranging from 29 – 47 % of their body weight on land. Notable improvements were observed in various aspects of their physical abilities, including a 57% increase in leg strength and 37 % in postural control due to the buoyancy of the water. Participants could also immediately adjust their walking posture. 

Moreover, the study showed 34% increase in preferred walking speed (PWS) and 61% in rapid walking speed (RWS). The 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) increased by 82%, demonstrating significant progress in walking distance. Additionally, as participants advanced in their training, fewer of them required rest periods between walking rounds. This indicated improved physical endurance and cardiopulmonary fitness. 

In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential of UTT as a safe and effective exercise method for individuals with iSCI and other physical impairments, making it a valuable option for clinical settings and rehabilitation programs.