This research aims to study the effects of underwater treadmill training (UTT) on individuals with type 2 diabetes that often experience weight gain, knee problems, and reduced mobility, leading to limitations in exercise on land. 

The study examines the impact of UTT in these individuals because the buoyancy of water helps support the weight of patients, enabling them to exercise safely. It aims to evaluate the control of blood sugar levels, lipid levels, heart and blood vessel function, body weight, and leg strength in comparison to standard land-based exercise programs (control group). 

The research involved 26 voluntary patients, and the UTT sessions took place with the water level set below the calf region at a temperature of 29-31 C. Participants walked in the water 3 times a week for 12 weeks, with each session divided into 3 segments. The Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT) was conducted during these sessions to assess the maximum walking distance, and there were no injuries or cases of hypoglycemia (blood sugar levels below 70 mg/dL). 

The study found significant differences in the results of those who underwent UTT, compared to their baseline measurements. Notably, UTT led to a significant reduction in average Hemoglobin A1C levels by 0.67%, which is similar to the reduction seen in patients treated with insulin (0.60 – 0.80%). Additionally, good cholesterol (HDL) levels increased by an average of 6.15 mg/dL, and body weight decreased by an average of 2.99 kg per week, which aligns with the standard rate of weight loss for middle-aged adults recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine. Moreover, UTT allowed patients to walk a distance twice as far as the control group (46 meters).